How to Read a Certificate of Analysis (COA)
A comprehensive guide to understanding and evaluating Certificates of Analysis for research peptides, including key metrics, red flags, and what to look for in HPLC and mass spectrometry data.

Educational content covering peptide quality assessment, analytical methods, vendor evaluation frameworks, industry developments, and laboratory best practices.
A comprehensive guide to understanding and evaluating Certificates of Analysis for research peptides, including key metrics, red flags, and what to look for in HPLC and mass spectrometry data.
Deep dive into the two primary analytical methods used to assess research peptide quality — HPLC for purity quantification and Mass Spectrometry for identity confirmation.
How to identify unreliable research peptide vendors — from missing COAs and too-good-to-be-true pricing to website red flags and social proof manipulation.
After the closure of Peptide Sciences, one of the longest-running research peptide suppliers, researchers need new reliable sources. Here are the best alternatives in 2026.
Proper storage and handling are critical for maintaining research peptide integrity. This guide covers lyophilized storage, reconstitution protocols, and common mistakes to avoid.
A detailed laboratory protocol for properly reconstituting lyophilized research peptides. Covers solvent selection, calculation methods, aseptic technique, and common pitfalls that compromise peptide integrity in research settings.
An in-depth examination of chemical and physical degradation mechanisms affecting research peptides. Covers hydrolysis, oxidation, aggregation, and deamidation — with practical implications for storage and experimental design.
A detailed comparison of bacteriostatic water and sterile water for reconstituting research peptides. Covers composition differences, shelf life implications, assay compatibility, and when to choose each solvent.
An examination of why independent third-party laboratory testing is the gold standard for research peptide quality verification. Covers the limitations of in-house testing, how to evaluate lab accreditations, and what constitutes a credible independent COA.
A comprehensive overview of the two primary methods for manufacturing synthetic peptides — solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and liquid-phase peptide synthesis (LPPS). Covers chemistry, advantages, limitations, and implications for research peptide quality.
A comprehensive review of published research on BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) and its investigated role in tissue repair processes. Covers animal model studies, proposed mechanisms, and current gaps in the research literature.
A comprehensive research overview of GHK-Cu (copper peptide), covering its discovery, studied mechanisms in tissue remodeling, and emerging anti-aging research applications in animal models and in-vitro studies.
A research-focused comparison of three widely studied growth hormone secretagogues — CJC-1295, Ipamorelin, and GHRP-6. Covers mechanisms of action, selectivity profiles, and key findings from animal model studies.
A dual research review of Selank and Semax — two synthetic peptides developed from endogenous immunomodulatory and neuroprotective sequences, respectively. Covers their origins, studied mechanisms, and current preclinical research landscape.
An overview of two mitochondrial-targeted research peptides at the frontier of cellular energy and aging research. Covers the discovery of MOTS-c as a mitochondrial-derived peptide and SS-31 as a mitochondria-penetrating antioxidant.
A clear explanation of the different purity grades available for synthetic peptides, what each grade means analytically, and how to choose the appropriate grade for different research applications.
A detailed examination of temperature-dependent degradation in research peptides. Covers cold chain requirements, the Arrhenius relationship, freeze-thaw damage, and practical strategies for maintaining peptide integrity during storage and shipping.
An educational primer on how peptide sequences are written, the amino acid code systems, common modifications, and how to interpret the structural shorthand used in research peptide product descriptions and scientific literature.
An analysis of recent and forthcoming FDA regulatory actions affecting the research peptide market in 2026. Covers the compounding pharmacy crackdown, category 2 bulk drug substance designations, and implications for research peptide availability and sourcing.
A practical guide to building, organizing, and maintaining a research peptide library. Covers inventory management systems, storage organization, documentation standards, and quality tracking for laboratories working with multiple peptide compounds.