Semax

Molecular Information

Research Summary

Semax is derived from the ACTH(4-10) fragment with a stabilizing Pro-Gly-Pro C-terminal extension. Unlike the parent hormone, Semax lacks corticotropic activity. Research in animal models has shown effects on BDNF, NGF, and other neurotrophic factors. Rodent studies have demonstrated improvements in learning and memory tasks, neuroprotective effects in ischemia models, and modulation of immune function. The peptide has been extensively characterized in terms of its pharmacokinetics and receptor interactions in preclinical research.

Mechanism of Action

Semax activates neurotrophic factor expression (BDNF, NGF, NT-3) through melanocortin receptor-independent pathways. It modulates dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission, enhances acetylcholine release in specific brain regions, and demonstrates antioxidant properties through upregulation of endogenous antioxidant systems in animal brain tissue.

Published Animal Studies

• [1]Rodent ischemia models demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects with reduced infarct volume and improved functional outcomes (Bashkatova et al., 2001)
• [2]Studies in rats showed upregulation of BDNF and NGF mRNA in hippocampus and cortex (Dolotov et al., 2006)
• [3]Behavioral studies in mice demonstrated enhanced learning in various cognitive paradigms (Levitskaya et al., 2004)
• [4]Chronic administration studies in rats showed sustained neurotrophic factor modulation without tolerance development

In-Vitro Research

• •Neuronal cell cultures demonstrated increased neurite outgrowth and cell survival under stress conditions
• •Gene expression studies showed upregulation of multiple neurotrophic factor genes
• •Glial cell cultures demonstrated modulation of cytokine and growth factor production

Research Applications

References

1. 1.Dolotov OV, et al. "Semax, an analogue of adrenocorticotropin(4-10), stimulates expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor." Bull Exp Biol Med. 2006;141(4):389-391.
2. 2.Levitskaya NG, et al. "Nootropic effects of Semax in conditions of increased dopamine neurotransmission." Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2004;34(2):111-115.